When you file for Social Security benefits, your spouse becomes eligible for spousal benefits. However, these benefits are not granted automatically—your spouse must file a separate application with the Social Security Administration (SSA) to claim them.
For instance, let’s say you will receive $3,000 per month at your full retirement age (FRA). Your wife could claim up to $1,500 as spousal benefits under your earnings record. But she must actively apply to start receiving them. Here’s a closer look at how these benefits work.
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What Are Social Security Spousal Benefits?
Spousal benefits are a type of Social Security payment designed for the spouses of eligible beneficiaries. These payments can equal up to 50% of the higher-earning spouse’s FRA benefit amount, also known as their primary insurance amount (PIA). Importantly your spouse’s benefits do not reduce the amount you receive.
Eligibility Requirements for Spousal Benefits
To claim spousal benefits, these criteria must be met:
- The primary earner (you) must have filed for retirement benefits.
- The secondary spouse (your wife) must be at least 62 years old or have a qualifying child in their care.
Exceptions to the Rules
If you and your wife are divorced and the marriage lasted at least 10 years, she can still claim spousal benefits, even if you haven’t retired yet.
If your wife cares for a child under 16 or a child receiving Social Security disability benefits, she can claim spousal benefits before age 62.
For more guidance on spousal benefits, you might also find it helpful to explore our article on Spousal Social Security Benefits: 4 Things Retired Couples Should Know.
How Are Spousal Benefits Calculated?
Spousal benefits are based on 50% of the higher-earning spouse’s PIA at their FRA. Let’s break this down:
- Full Benefit at FRA: If you receive $3,000 per month, your wife’s spousal benefits would max out at $1,500 per month.
- Early Claiming Reduces Benefits: Claiming at age 62 lowers the benefit to 32.5% of your PIA. For a $3,000 PIA, that’s $975 per month.
- No Delay Credits: Spousal benefits do not increase after FRA, unlike individual Social Security benefits.
The table below summarizes how age affects spousal benefits:
| Age When Benefits Are Claimed | Percentage of PIA | Monthly Spousal Benefit (Based on $3,000 PIA) |
| 62 | 32.5% | $975 |
| 67 (FRA) | 50% | $1,500 |
| 70 | 50% | $1,500 |
If your wife has her own retirement benefits, SSA will compare both amounts and pay the higher benefit. For example:
- If her own retirement benefit is $1,200, she would receive $1,500 as spousal benefits.
- If her retirement benefit is $1,600, SSA would pay that instead.
Will My Wife Receive Spousal Benefits Automatically?
No, your wife must apply for spousal benefits. Here are the steps:
- Verify eligibility requirements such as age or caregiving status.
- Contact SSA to file for benefits. This can be done online, by phone or at a local office.
- Provide required documents, such as proof of marriage and identification.
If your wife is unsure whether to claim benefits early, consider consulting a financial advisor to plan effectively. You can also learn more by checking our article Spousal Social Security Benefits Made Simple: Do You Qualify?
What Happens If Your Wife Has Her Own Retirement Benefits?
If your wife is eligible for her own Social Security benefits, SSA will calculate both her retirement and spousal benefits. She will receive the higher of the two. For instance:
- If her benefits based on her own earnings are $1,200 and her spousal benefit is $1,500, SSA will pay $1,500.
- If her earnings based benefit is $1,600, she will receive that amount instead of the spousal benefit.
This ensures that your wife always gets the maximum benefit available to her.
Before You File: Things to Consider
Understanding the timing and coordination of Social Security benefits can make a big difference in your retirement income. If possible, delay filing until you or your spouse reach FRA to maximize the total benefits. Early claiming often results in reduced benefits that last a lifetime.
For couples strategizing when to claim Social Security can lead to a better financial outcome. Consulting a financial expert can help align your Social Security benefits with your retirement goals.
The Final Words
Spousal benefits can provide significant financial support for couples in retirement. However, they are not automatic. Your wife needs to apply and her benefits will depend on several factors including her age and her own earnings record. Planning ahead and understanding the rules can ensure you make the best decisions for your household.
For additional details about Social Security updates and changes check out our article on US Government Confirms Social Security Updates: What Everyone Can Expect in 2025.
FAQs
1. Can my wife claim spousal benefits if we are divorced?
Yes, if you were married for at least 10 years and she hasn’t remarried, she can claim spousal benefits based on your record.
2. Does my wife’s income affect her spousal benefits?
No, spousal benefits are based on your PIA and not influenced by your wife’s income or earnings.
3. Can my wife’s spousal benefits increase if she delays claiming past age 67?
No, spousal benefits max out at 50% of your PIA and do not increase if claimed after FRA.